Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Concentration Definition (Chemistry)

In chemistry, the word concentration relates to the components of a mixture or solution. Here is the definition of concentration and a look at different methods used to calculate it. Concentration Definition In chemistry, concentration refers to the amount of a substance per defined space. Another definition is that concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution. Concentration usually is expressed in terms of mass per unit volume. However, the solute concentration may also be expressed in moles or units of volume. Instead of volume, concentration may be per unit mass. While usually applied to chemical solutions, concentration may be calculated for any mixture. Two related terms are concentrated and dilute. Concentrated refers to chemical solutions that have high concentrations of a large amount of solute in the solution. Dilute solutions contains a small amount of solvent compared with the amount of solvent. If a solution is concentrated to the point where no more solute will dissolve in the solvent, it is said to be saturated. Unit Examples of Concentration: g/cm3, kg/l, M, m, N, kg/L How to Calculate Concentration Concentration is determined mathematically by taking the mass, moles, or volume of solute and dividing it by the mass, moles, or volume of the solution (or less commonly, the solvent). Some examples of concentration units and formulas include: Molarity (M) - moles of solute / liters of solution (not solvent!)Mass Concentration (kg/m3 or g/L) - mass of solute / volume of solutionNormality (N) - grams active solute / liters of solutionMolality (m) - moles of solute / mass of solvent (not mass of solution!)Mass Percent (%) - mass solute / mass solution x 100% (mass units are the same unit for both solute and solution)Volume Concentration (no unit) - volume of solute / volume of mixture (same units of volume for each)Number Concentration (1/m3) - number of entities (atoms, molecules, etc.) of a component divided by the total volume of the mixtureVolume Percent (v/v%) - volume solute / volume solution x 100% (solute and solution volumes are in the same units)Mole Fraction (mol/mol) - moles of solute / total moles of species in the mixtureMole Ratio (mol/mol) - moles of solute / total moles of all other species in the mixtureMass Fraction (kg/kg or parts per) - mass of one fraction (could be multiple solutes) / total mass of the mixtureMass Ratio (kg/kg or parts per) - mass of solute / mass of all other constituents in the mixturePPM (parts per million) - a 100 ppm solution is 0.01%. The parts per notation, while still in use, has largely been replaced by mole fraction.PPB (parts per billion) - typically used to express contamination of dilute solutions Some units may be converted from one to another, however, its not always a good idea to convert between units based on the volume of solution to those based on mass of solution (or vice versa) because volume is affected by temperature. Strict Definition of Concentration In the strictest sense, not all means of expressing the composition of a solution or mixture are termed concentration. Some sources only consider mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration to be true units of concentration. Concentration Versus Dilution Another common usage of the term concentration refers to how concentrated a solution is. A concentrated solution contains as much solute as it can hold. Chemists often prefer to call such a solution saturated. In contrast, a solution that contains few solute particles is said to be dilute. In order to concentrate a solution, either more solute particles must be added or some solvent must be removed. If the solvent is nonvolatile, a solution may be concentrated by evaporating or boiling off solvent. Dilutions are made by adding solvent to a more concentrated solution. Its common practice to prepare a relatively concentrated solution, called a stock solution, and use it to prepare more dilute solutions. This practice results in better precision than simply mixing up a dilute solution because it can be difficult to obtain an accurate measurement of a tiny amount of solute. Serial dilutions are used to prepare extremely dilute solutions. To prepare a dilution, stock solution is added to a volumetric flask and then diluted with solvent to the mark. Source IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the Gold Book) (1997).

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

I Am A Canvas Of My Life - 2313 Words

Kat Von D, a tattoo artist famous around the world, has been quoted to say- â€Å"I am a canvas of my experiences, my story is etched in lines and shading, and you can read it on my arms, my legs, my shoulders, and my stomach.† She exemplifies the feelings behind tattoos and provides a wonderful illustration into the life of someone with and why they got them. Her beliefs support my opinion that tattoos are a gateway to a person s soul, desires, and motivation in life. How could something so beautiful be banned for anyone, let alone minors, who have more to prove about themselves than anyone else. Because professional tattoos are harmless, expressive, and highly cultural, minors should be able to get them with parental consent. Starting in 306 B.C, tattoos were contested by government and religious figures. People against tattoos for minors argue that they have too many health issues, the young age doesn’t allow them to make proper decisions, and their future could be a ffected negatively by their tattoos, depending on their content. I think otherwise, believing that professional tattoos have little risk for diseases or infection, are symbols for times and people in the minor’s lives and that they showcase creativity and culture. Tattoos weren’t always viewed as an expression of culture or personality. In ancient Rome and Greece, they were used to mark prisoners. People with tattoos were known as lesser beings in most early societies because of those uses. In Japan, theyShow MoreRelatedArt Is A Lie That Makes Us Realize The Truth1457 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth.† –Pablo Picasso What is art? Art is one spilled out onto a canvas or molded into a sculpture. One’s artwork depicts and reflects upon the artist as a physical being and their norms. Thoughts, feelings and emotions are the paint that is glossed and decorated across a wide open canvas; and within hours it will dry creating a new masterpiece that a thousand words cannot tell because it is made up of one’s story and that cannot be replicated. No matter howRead MoreGraduation Speech For My Academic Advisor Year1140 Words   |  5 PagesAs I met with my academic advisor last semester to speak about classes, I was told I still needed an art credit to fulfill my General Education. As I looked through the list I saw classes such as Art History, Intro to Visual Arts, and Painting. I wanted to take an art class that I would find interesting and make me work hard. I chose to sign up for Painting. I thought to myself, â€Å"I painted in high school a lot, I have some background in it, maybe I wil l like it!† In a way, I was right. I learnedRead MoreWhen my wife and I first arrived at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Jacksonville (MOCA) I800 Words   |  4 PagesWhen my wife and I first arrived at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Jacksonville (MOCA) I honestly had no idea what to expect. I had been to the Cummer Museum, but never here and I wasnt sure what to expect or what piece of art I was going to write my paper on. I thought I might want to do my paper on a sculpture because I tend to like that kind of art, but I wasnt sure. I figured we would walk around and whatever spoke to me the loudest would be what I wrote my paper on. I hadnt expected toRead MoreSelf Portrait : A Lot Of Work Goes Into Creating A Painting1361 Words   |  6 Pagesof the artist. I started my freshman year as an underpainting of the masterpiece I had hoped to be. The last three years and my time in school added new dimensions to myself. A true painting is never fully finished. There can al ways be new layers and details to improve it. My time in high school has given me that foundation and the potential to be a masterpiece. Every single brushstroke and color of paint applied to my canvas has shaped me into the painting I have become today. I was prepared forRead MoreHow Music And Humor Defines My Life1607 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"what would I have in my portrait for my kin to remember me as?† As of now, people tend to remember for my humor and my taste in music. The question made me further realize that there may be a time, years after I’m gone when I’ll be forgotten and the only part of me that may be still relevant is this portrait. This epiphany plagues the mind of an adult at least once in their life, so, obviously, one would love for there to be something they will be remembered by. In this paper, I will explain howRead MoreMy Study Of Landscapes And Landscape Theory1637 Words   |  7 Pagesthe sleepy grandeur of nature is stirred up†¦ arouses the inner force of the subject†¦ and laid the groundwork of the sublime tradition’. (B.Beckley, 2001) This became my main area of focus for my work; to create a series of paintings showing the power and unpredictability of natur e over a landscape. In my previous project I began my study of landscapes by focussing on our everyday surrounding and variances in landscapes being dependant on individuals social and cultural differences. In LandscapeRead More A Day at the Norton Simon Museum Essay examples1231 Words   |  5 Pages13, 2000. I woke up at exactly 12 o’clock because my boyfriend was to pick me up at 1 like we planned the night before. The day looked quite nice, but I was in a fowl mood. I got into a car accident the night before and had a huge argument with my parents about the car. I finally dragged myself into the shower and got ready in half an hour. Then I went downstairs, sat on my couch, and repeatedly told myself the day would hopefully turn out better than last night. At around 1:15, my boyfriendRead MoreEssay about The Universe Defines Who I Am828 Words   |  4 PagesWho Am I You asked me to define who I am which makes me chuckle a little. I simply cannot define myself; everything else does. The way that I perceive myself does not define how everyone else in the world defines me. I guess you can say that the universe defines who I am and what I live for. We were all born and created for the same purpose. God himself gives us the opportunity to find out what that purpose is. When finding what that purpose may be, to me, is the only way to truly define who youRead MoreWe All Wear Masks By Isabel Allende1077 Words   |  5 Pageson levels I had yet experienced. I was introduced to new cultures, lifestyles, and the histories attached. These poems and novels all contained the most unique characters, all of who experienced the most unusual situations. There was not a character that could match another, each expressing different talents, flaws, and desires. Amongst our readings, one character sat on my mind. Isabel Allende’s The House of the Spirits had an assortment of characters, with Esteban Trueba catching my attention theRead MoreWhat Is Art? Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesof the public hastily judged the abstract art exhibition by stating ‘Abstract art is not really art’. Some of the reluctant public continue to say ‘Abstract painters are sloppy, reckless, renegades with no regard for rules for formalities.’ It is in my opinion that abstract art is can be classed as art because it incorporates the basic concepts and techniques of art. Abstract art, on dictionary.com, can be defined as a trend in painting and sculpture in the twentieth century. Abstract art seeks to

Monday, December 9, 2019

The Smart Speaker Industry-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Which stage of the Industry lifecycle is the Smart Speaker Industry in? Make sure to explain and justify. 2.What recommendations would you offer Companies like Apple, Amazon, Google or Microsoft for dealing with the challenges of early stage Industries? Answers: The explanation of the industry life cycle stages of smart speaker The smart speaker is in the product development stage or part of introduction stage of the industry. The giant competitors of this industry are investing in the smart speaker of the company. As a product goes through different stages from the beginning of the making a prototype to the decline from the consumers, it goes through different phases. This product is growing at a compound annual growth rate of 11% (Moffat et al. 2017). After generating and brainstorming the idea of an industry lifecycle the product development starts. After the product is developed, it is exposed in the market for gauging the consumers attitude towards it . With the growth of digital economy, every aspect of life is being digitalized. The digital giants of the industry like Google, Microsoft, Amazon and Apple have already started investing and have developed applications and devices in the product range (cbc.ca 2017). The strategic analysts of the industry say that the evolution of using voices has not yet gained full exposure and recognition in the market. Therefore, the product has not yet reached the growth stage in the market. Thus, it is safe to say that the product is in stage of introduction as well as development in the market. Recommendations for companies Apple, Google, Amazon or Microsoft for dealing with the challenges The most important part of dealing with challenges is acceptance of the product. The smart speaker has gain recognition in the early adopters. Therefore, the main competitors should focus on the following recommendations to get through this stage As the high cost is the most important concern of this stage, the companies can put a reasonable price on the product in this stage. This would attract more customers to adapt to this phase. As this stage is very vulnerable, because it is determined in this stage to go with the idea of investing and manufacturing of the products or not (Bakman Hashai, 2017). The customers attitude is much important to analyze and interpret in this stage. Team development and financing activities the right people should be selected in this stage in the marketing activities. This is essential, as the company should select key personnels (Bakman, L., Hashai, 2017). Marketing and sales as well as customer relationship management the management of customers of the company should be analyzed at this stage. The proper feedbacks from the consumers are essential as well as maintaining a proper engagement with the customers through after sale services (Tavassoli, 2015). Increasing and recognizing the value addition services should be given emphasis (Bakman, L., Hashai, 2017) Accountability to the customers and building a proper network should be given priority too in this stage, as it would help in later stages as in growth and maturity (Bakman Hashai, 2017). References Bakman, L., Hashai, N. (2017). Industry Life Cycle, Product Type, and Level of Exploration in Entrepreneurial Knowledge Intensive Firms. InTHE WORLD SCIENTIFIC REFERENCE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP: Volume 3: Sustainability, Ethics, and Entrepreneurship(pp. 363-393). Moffat, J. G., Vincent, F., Lee, J. A., Eder, J., Prunotto, M. (2017). Opportunities and challenges in phenotypic drug discovery: an industry perspective.Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,16(8), 531-543. Tavassoli, S. (2015). Innovation determinants over industry life cycle.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,91, 18-32. Why Apple, Amazon, Google and Microsoft are all betting on smart speakers. (2017).CBC News. Retrieved 20 November 2017, from https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/smart-speakers-apple-amazon-google-microsoft-1.4153237

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Plasma Essays - Plasma Physics, Plasma, State Of Matter,

Plasma Matter consists of atoms held together by electromagnetic forces. How tight these bonds are, determines which of the four states: solid, liquid, gas and plasma, matter exists as. Plasma is only found naturally in the corona and cores of stars and in bolts of lightning. There are three classic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas; however, plasma is considered by some scientists to be the fourth state of matter. The plasma state is not related to blood plasma, the most common usage of the word; rather, the term has been used in physics since around the 1920s to represent an ionized gas. Space plasma physics became an important scientific discipline in the early 1950s with the discovery of the Van Allen radiation belts. Lightning is commonly seen as a form of plasma. Matter changes its state as it is exposed to different physical conditions. Ice is a solid with hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O) molecules arranged in regular patterns, but if the ice melts, the H2O enters a new state: liquid water. As the water molecules are warmed, they separate further to form steam, which is a gas. In these classic states, the positive charge of each atomic nucleus equals the total charge of all the electrons orbiting around it so that the net charge is zero. Each entire atom is electrically neutral. When more heat is applied, the steam may be ionized: an electron will gain enough energy to escape its atom. This atom is left one electron short and now has a net positive charge; called an ion. In a sufficiently heated gas, ionization happens many times, creating clouds of free electrons and ions; however, not all the atoms are necessarily ionized, and some may remain completely intact with no net charge. This ionized gas mixture, consisting of ions, electrons, and neutral atoms, is called plasma. Plasma must have sufficient numbers of charged particles so that the gas, as a whole, exhibits a collective response to electric and magnetic fields. Although plasma includes electrons and ions and conducts electricity, it is macroscopically neutral. In measurable quantities, the number of electrons and ions are equal. The charged particles are affected by electric and magnetic fields applied to the plasma, and the motions of the particles in the plasma generate fields and electric currents from within. This complex set of interactions makes plasma a unique, fascinating, and complex state of matter. Plasma is found in both ordinary and exotic places. When an electric current is passed through neon gas, it produces both plasma and light. Lightning is a massive electrical discharge in the atmosphere that creates a jagged column of plasma. Part of a comet's streaming tail is plasma from gas ionized by sunlight and other unknown processes. The Sun is a 1.5-million-kilometer ball of plasma, heated by nuclear fusion. Scientists study plasma for practical purposes. In an effort to harness fusion energy on Earth, physicists are studying devices that create and confine very hot plasmas in magnetic fields. In space, plasma processes are largely responsible for shielding Earth from cosmic radiation, and much of the Sun's influence on Earth occurs by energy transfer through the ionized layers of the upper atmosphere. Plasma and its properties will become very important in the energy field, in that if its energy was captured, it would be more powerful than current nuclear power.